精密锻造成形技术，又称为近形或近净成形技术是指零件成形后，仅需要少量加工或不再加工，就可以用作机械构件的成形技术。在生产实践中，人们习惯将精密锻造成形技术分为：冷精锻成形、热精锻成形、温精锻成形、复合成形、闭塞锻造、等温锻造、分流锻造等。

Precision forging forming technology, also known as near shape or near net shape forming technology, refers to the forming technology that can be used as mechanical components only needs a small amount of processing or no longer processing after parts are formed. In production practice, people are used to divide precision forging technology into: cold precision forging, hot precision forging, warm precision forging, composite forming, block forging, isothermal forging, split forging and so on.

1、冷精锻成形

1. Cold precision forging

将不加热的金属材料直接进行锻造，主要包括冷挤压和冷镦挤。

Forging the unheated metal materials directly, mainly including cold extrusion and cold upsetting extrusion.

冷精锻成形技术比较适合多品种小批量生产，主要用来制造汽车、摩托车的各种零部件以及一些齿形零件。

Cold precision forging technology is more suitable for many varieties of small batch production, mainly used to manufacture various parts of automobiles and motorcycles, as well as some tooth shaped parts.

2、热精锻成形

2. Hot precision forging

主要是指在再结晶温度之上的精密锻造成形工艺。热精锻成形工艺大多采用闭式模锻，对模具和设备精度要求较高，锻造时坯料体积必须严格控制，否则模具内部易产生较大压力，故在设计闭式模锻模具时，通常运用分流降压原理来解决此问题。

It mainly refers to the precision forging process above the recrystallization temperature. The hot precision forging process mostly adopts closed die forging, which requires high precision of die and equipment. During forging, the volume of blank must be strictly controlled, otherwise the die is prone to generate large pressure inside. Therefore, in the design of closed die forging die, the principle of split pressure reduction is usually used to solve this problem.

目前我国载重汽车所用的直齿锥齿轮大多采用此方法生产。

At present, most of the straight bevel gears used in trucks in China are produced by this method.

3、温精锻成形

3. Warm precision forging

是在再结晶温度以下某个合适的温度下进行的精密锻造成形工艺。但温锻的锻造温度分为较窄、对模具材料力学和模具本身要求高，通常需要采用专门的高精度锻造设备。

It is a precision forging process at a suitable temperature below the recrystallization temperature. However, the forging temperature of warm forging can be divided into narrow, high requirements for die material mechanics and die itself, and special high-precision forging equipment is usually needed.

温精锻工艺一般比较适合大批量生产，锻造中等屈服强度材料。

Warm precision forging process is generally suitable for mass production, forging medium yield strength materials.

4、复合成形

4. Compound forming

主要是将冷、温、热等多种锻造工艺结合起来，取长补短，达到预期效果。

It mainly combines cold, warm, hot and other forging processes to learn from each other and achieve the expected results.

复合成形是各种齿轮、管接头等高强度零部件的标准锻造方法。

Compound forming is a standard forging method for high strength parts such as gears and pipe joints.

5、闭塞锻造

5. Block forging

是在封闭凹模内通过一个或两个冲头单向或双向复动挤压金属一次成形，获得无飞边的精锻件的成形工艺。

In the closed die, one or two punches are used to extrude metal in one-way or two-way to obtain the forming process of the precision forging without flash.

主要用于生产圆锥齿轮、轿车等速万向节星形套、管接头、十字轴、伞齿轮等产品。

It is mainly used in the production of bevel gear, car constant velocity universal joint star sleeve, pipe joint, cross shaft, bevel gear and other products.

6、等温锻造

6. Isothermal forging

指坯料在趋于恒定温度下模锻。

It refers to the forging of billets at a constant temperature.

用于变形温度敏感、难成形的金属材料和零件，如钛合金、铝合金、薄的腹板、高筋。

It is used for metal materials and parts that are sensitive to deformation temperature and difficult to form, such as titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, thin web and high reinforcement.

7、分流锻造

7. Split forging

是在毛坯或模具的成形部分建立一个材料的分流腔或分流通道，以保证材料填充效果。

It is to establish a material diversion cavity or channel in the forming part of the blank or die to ensure the filling effect of the material.

分流锻造主要应用于正齿轮和螺旋齿轮的冷锻成形工艺。

Split forging is mainly used in cold forging process of spur gear and spiral gear.